The Other Side of Rabindranath Tagore
By: Maulana Muhammad A. K. Azad [ Abu Arif Al Alawi ]
WEDNESDAY, 29 AUGUST 2012
Rabindranath Tagore (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) is worshipped by many as God. He was awarded Noble Prize in 1913 for his contrbution to literature. Though he admired Islaam in many of his writings and was deeply influenced by great Isalaamic Scholars like Jalaluddin Rumi (R A), Allama Zami ( R A) and Shaikh Sadi ( R A), he remained communal throughout his life. Apart from being communal, Tagore also was a profligate and a typical selfish Zamindar. INFLUENCE OF ISLAM ON TAGORE
There is no denying the fact that Rabindranath was deeply influenced by Islaam's universal message . Professor Ziauddin has written in his " Influence of Islaam on World Civilization" that diring his stay in Santiniketan at Bolpur in 1901, he witnessed Tagore's library enriched with Islaamic Literature including immortal writings by Rumi, Sadi , Zami and Hafiz. Rabindranath briefed Ziauddin that his father Devendranath Tagore recited verses of Quran in his death-bed (Influence of Islaam on World Civilization - page 96). Professor Ziauddin opines that Gitanjali is replete with Islaamic spiritualism and mysticism. For example, the very first poem of Gitanjali is a perfect example in this respect:
Thou hast made me endless, such is thy pleasure. This frail vessel thou emptiest again and again, and fillest it ever with fresh life.
This little flute of a reed thou hast carried over hills and dales, and hast breathed through it melodies eternally new.
At the immortal touch of thy hands my little heart loses its limits in joy and gives birth to utterance ineffable.
Thy infinite gifts come to me only on these very small hands of mine. Ages pass, and still thou pourest, and still there is room to fill.
When thou commandest me to sing it seems that my heart would break with pride; and I look to thy face, and tears come to my eyes.
All that is harsh and dissonant in my life melts into one sweet harmony--and my adoration spreads wings like a glad bird on its flight across the sea.
I know thou takest pleasure in my singing. I know that only as a singer I come before thy presence.
I touch by the edge of the far-spreading wing of my song thy feet which I could never aspire to reach.
Drunk with the joy of singing I forget myself and call thee friend who art my lord.
I know not how thou singest, my master! I ever listen in silent amazement.
This little flute of a reed thou hast carried over hills and dales, and hast breathed through it melodies eternally new.
At the immortal touch of thy hands my little heart loses its limits in joy and gives birth to utterance ineffable.
Thy infinite gifts come to me only on these very small hands of mine. Ages pass, and still thou pourest, and still there is room to fill.
When thou commandest me to sing it seems that my heart would break with pride; and I look to thy face, and tears come to my eyes.
All that is harsh and dissonant in my life melts into one sweet harmony--and my adoration spreads wings like a glad bird on its flight across the sea.
I know thou takest pleasure in my singing. I know that only as a singer I come before thy presence.
I touch by the edge of the far-spreading wing of my song thy feet which I could never aspire to reach.
Drunk with the joy of singing I forget myself and call thee friend who art my lord.
I know not how thou singest, my master! I ever listen in silent amazement.
"Klanti" the sixth poem in Gitanjali is also an ideal example:
ক্লান্তি আমার ক্ষমা করো,প্রভু, পথে যদি পিছিয়ে পড়ি কভু। এই যে হিয়া থর থর কাঁপে আজি এমনতরো, এই বেদনা ক্ষমা করো,ক্ষমা করো প্রভু।। এই দীনতা ক্ষমা করো,প্রভু, পিছন-পানে তাকাই যদি কভু। দিনের তাপে রৌদ্রজ্বালায় শুকায় মালা পূজার থালায়, সেই ম্লানতা ক্ষমা করো, ক্ষমা করো প্রভু।। COMMUNAL THOUGHTS OF RABINDRANATH But, this is fact that Rabindranath remained communal till the end. He remained hostile towards Islaam and Muslims. Militant Hindu leaders use Tagore's hostility towrds Islaam to spread hatred against Muslims . Let's read how they quote Gurudev in this regard. One Ranaprotap roy writes: |
Now we are coming to the observations made by the world famous Nobel laureate Bengali poet and sage Rabindranath Tagore, who is considered to be one of the all time greatest poet, philosopher, thinker and humanist. His secular credentials are established beyond doubt. Furthermore, Tagore is often projected as a messiah of unity between the Muslims and the non-Muslims. So it is extremely important to highlight what Tagore personally thought and felt about the creed of Islam and it's followers called Muslims.
"There are two religions on the earth, which have distinct enmity against all other religions. These two are Christianity and Islam. They are not satisfied with just observing their own religions, but are determined to destroy all other religions. That's why the only way to make peace with them is to embrace their religion."
[The above is a part of a letter written by Rabindranath Tagore to Sri Kalidas Nag on 7th Asar, 1329 Bangabda, compiled in the article 'Hindu-Muslim' in the book 'Kalantar' and compiled in the Complete Works of Rabindranath (in Bengali), published by Viswabharati University, 1982, Vol. 24, p – 375 (tr – the author)]
One thing we must keep in mind in this respect. The poets may have different types of emotions at different times and often express contradictory ideas in their different writings. But the above statement was made in a private letter and hence reflects Rabindranath's personal experience and view point and surely can be considered as his own intrinsic feelings about Islam. Somebody may argue that this feeling may be his momentary or just one time expression of his frustration, evoked by some particular incident at a given time and does not reflect his true or permanent conception about Islam. But please note the dates of his subsequent quotations about Islam, which were made during a wide span of time spreading several years and even decades. This clearly proves the Rabindranath's above mentioned comments on Islam and Muslim psyche were not the expressions of his momentary frustration but his deep realization and grave concerns about the Islamic menace and security of the Hindu society.
Similarly the quotations of Swami Vivekananda, Rishi Aurobinda, Great Ambedkar and other great men, presented in this book were made during several years of their life span and hence are not their temporary or momentary emotions but their core realizations from the bottom of their hearts. These great men tried to warn us about the true nature of Islam but we did not pay heed to them. Now in twenty – first century when Islamic terrorism is being intensified every day to engulf the human civilization, it is high time for mankind to remember the warnings of these great men and also to understand why they said so.
After all, these great men were not communal fanatics or politically motivated. On the contrary, they are considered by the whole world as "philanthropists" and "apostles of communal harmony." So, now, it is our duty to try to understand their concerns and read the Koran itself to corroborate their views. The compilers and editors of this presentation have no intension to spread hatred towards and religious groups but to make people aware of a hard core reality and think about a peaceful solution through reasoning, justification and without unrealistic emotions. Not problem can be solved if the hard core reality is not acknowledged and accepted. The Muslim Community also should think deeply about this problem. They also should realize that riots are not the solutions to suppress the criticism of their theology, but they should present counter-logic, if they have any.
Another thing we like to mention here that although Rabindranath criticized Christianity for being non-friendly to others but presently the Christians are not conducting any suicide bombing or violent activities any where in the in the world in name of their religion. So, we can safely ignore what Rabindranath had commented on Christianity.
So please go through the following quotations of those all time great thinkers and famous leaders with a special note to the dates of their comments. Also please understand that their comments are not time-bound or applicable to their time only. The circumstances have not been changed at all and their warnings are still fully valid in the present day situations also. So we can't afford to ignore them with vain salutes and throwing garland on their statues without paying heed to their warnings (Aaji durdine firanu tader bartho namaskare or in this period of crisis, we should not ignore them through insincere saluting.)
Rabindranath also observed, "A very important factor which is making it almost impossible for Hindu-Muslim unity to become an accomplished fact is that the Muslim can not confine their patriotism to any one country. I had frankly asked the Muslims whether in the event of any Mohammedan power invading India, would they (Muslims) stand side by side with their Hindu neighbors to defend their common land or join the invaders. I was not satisfied with the reply I have obtained from them….. Even such a man as Mr. Mohammed Ali (one of the famous Ali brothers, the leaders of the Khilafat Movement) has declared that under no circumstances is it permissible for any Mohammedan, whatever be his country, to stand against any Mohammedan".
[Appeared as Interview of Rabindranath in English daily the 'Times of India' April 18, 1924 in the column - "Through Indian Eyes." It has also been quoted by Ambedkar and others in their writings.]
While commenting on the post-Khilafat Hindu Muslim riots, Rabindranath said,
"Whenever a Muslim calls upon the Muslim society, he never faces any resistance – he calls in the name of one God 'Allah-hu-Akbar.' On the other hand, when we (Hindus) call, 'come on Hindus,' who will respond? We, the divided in numerous small communities, may barriers – provincialism – who will respond overcoming all these obstacles?"
"We were endangered by many invasions, but we could never be united. When Muhammad Ghouri brought the first blow from outside, the Hindus could not be united, even in those days of imminent danger. When the Muslims started to demolish the temples one after another, and to break the idols of Gods and Goddesses, the Hindus fought and died in small groups but they could not be united. It has been proved that we the Hindus were killed in different epochs of history due to our internal discord."
"Weakness harbors sin. So, if the Muslims beat us and we, the Hindus, tolerate this without resistance – then, we will know that it is made possible only by our weakness. For the sake of ourselves and our neighbour Muslims also, we have to discard our weakness. We can appeal to our neighbour Muslims, 'Please don't be cruel to us. No religion should be based on genocide' – but this kind of appeal is nothing but the weeping of the weak persons. When the low pressure is created in the air, storm comes spontaneously' nobody can stop it for sake of religion. Similarly, if weakness is cherished and is allowed to exit, torture comes automatically – nobody can stop it. Possible, the Hindus and the Muslims can make a fake friendship to each other for a while, but that can not last for ever. As long as you don't purify the soil, which grows only thorny shrubs, you can not expect any fruit."
["Letter to Swami Shraddhananda, 'by Rabindranath, Magh, 1333 Bangabda' complied in the book "Kalantar"]
Rabindranath Elaborated further in the context of the extremely brutal Hindu massacre and mass rape of the Hindu women by the Mopla Muslims in Kerala as given below:
"Dr. Munje said in another part of his report that, eight hundred years ago, the Hindu king of Malabar (now Kerala) on the advice of his Brahmin ministers, made big favor to the Arab Muslim to settle in his kingdom. Even he appeased the Arab Muslims by converting the Hindus to Islam to an extent to making law for compulsory conversion of a member of each Hindu fisherman family in to Islam. Those, whose nature is to practice idiocy rather than common sense, never can enjoy freedom even if they are in the throne. They turn the hour of action in to a night of merriment. That's why they are always struck by the ghost at the middle of the day."
Rabindranath continues,
"The king of Malabar once gave away his throne to idiocy. That idiocy is still ruling Malabar from a Hindu throne. That's why the Hindus are still being beaten and saying that God is there, turning the faces towards the sky. Throughout India we allowed idiocy to rule and surrender ourselves to it. That kingdom of idiocy – the fatal lack of commonsense – was continuously invaded by the Pathans, sometimes by the Mughols and sometimes by the British. From outside we can only see the torture done by them, but they are only the tools of torture, not really the cause. The real reason of the torture is our lack of common sense and our idiocy, which is responsible for our sufferings. So we have to fight this idiocy that divided the Hindus and imposed slavery on us……..If we only think about the torture we will not find any solution. But if we can get rid of our idiocy, the tyrants will surrender to us."
['Samasya,' (The Problem), Agrahayan, 1330 Bangabda, in "Kalantar".]
RABINDRANATH FURTHER COMMENTED ON ISLAM:
"When two or three different religions claim that only their own religions are true and all other religions are false and their religions are only way to Heaven, conflicts can not be avoided. Thus, fundamentalism tries to abolish all other religions. This is called Bolshevism in religion. Only the path shown by the Hinduism can relieve the world from this meanness."
[Atmaparichay' (The Self-realization) in the book 'Parichay.']
ON HINDU-MUSLIM RELATION RABINDRANATH WROTE:
"The terrible situation of the country makes my mind restless and I can not keep silent. Meaningless rituals keep the Hindus divided in hundreds of sects. So we are suffering from series of defeats. We are tired and worn-out by the tortures by the internal and external enemies. The Muslims are united in religion and rituals. The Bengali Muslims, the South Indian Muslims and even the Muslims outside India – all are united. They always stand united in face of danger. The broken and divided Hindus will not be able to combat them. Days are coming when the Hindus will be again humiliated by the Muslims."
"You are a mother of children, one day you will die, passing the future of Hindu society on the weak shoulders of your children, but think about their future".
[A letter to Hemantabala Sarkar, 16th Oct. 1933, quoted in Bengali weekly "Swastika". June 21, 1999]
FURTHER EVIDENCES OF TAGORE'S SECRET SIDES
Brother Shakil Sarwar has collected and posted a praiseworthy article on this issue . He writes:
Rabindranath Tagore had always been portrayed larger than his life. Hardly people tried or dared to criticize him of his shortcomings. Those who tried to do so failed to propound sufficient supportive arguments. I have taken the trouble of crudely translating some excerpts I collected over the last few years. I wanted to share these with the readers. I am yet to read about Prof Humayun Azad's book 'Nari' where he exposed Rabindranath's anti-feminist views.
After I read a nice article written by one Muhammad Alamgir, I though about elaborating certain points with quotes from Hindu writers. Following is basically a compilation of excerpts taken from books and essays mostly written by Calcatian hindu writers who are basically Rabindra researchers. I hope some readers would be benefited by this.
Tagore's Religious Belief:
"Rabindranath discussed about this Hindu-Muslim issue during the census of 1819. He said, 'I was born in a Hindu family, but accepted Brahmo religion. ... The religion we accepted is universal in nature; however, it is basically the religion of the Hindus. We accepted this universal religion with the heart of Hindus." [Probhatkumar Mukharjee, Rabindrajiboni O Rabindrashahityo Probeyshok, vol 3, 3rd ed., published by Biswa Bharati Publishing Division in Poush 1395, pp.364-365].
"Tapobon Bidyala (school), a ashram established to instill ancient hindu ideology, took the shade of hindutva. Tagore started to turn himself into a very devout hindu. Gradually, casteism-based aparthied, injunctions of Manu Sanghita, and Brahminic glorification crept into their way into the school environ. Tagore decreed that a non-Brahmin teacher did not deserve salutation (pronam) from his Brahmin students. In a letter written to Manoranjan Banerjee in Agrahayan 19, 1309 Tagore clarified his position on the issue of salutation in these words, 'No non-hindu customs would be allowed into this school; It is imperative that students express their respect to Brahmin professors by touching their feet (pronum) and utter namasker to non-Brahmin teachers as per the rules set aside by Manu Sanghita.' " [Satyendranath Roy, 'Rabindra Manoney Hindu Dharma', The Desh, Autumn issue, 1905, p.305]
Tagore established Biswa Bharati to re-vitalize ancient "hindu customs" and ideology. In this effort, Hindi Bhavan (Building) was established in Shantiniketan on January 16 (sunday), 1938 (Magh 2, 1344). It is of no surprise that Tagore had very close friendship with Pundit Madonmohan Malabya -- a prominent leader of Kashi Hindu University and Hindu Mohashava.
When asked about the usefulness of Hindu Mohashava, Tagore said that he considered this movement more important than a mere political undertaking. 'Hindus would have to unite if they want to remain alive and not remain downtrodden for ever in the human society.' [From an interview with Tagore by journalist Mrinalkanti Bose in response to a statement by Modanmohan Malabya, Rabindra-Proshongo/Anandabazar Patrika, 1993, edited by Chittaranjan Banerjee, vol 1, pp. 259-260].Tagore's Benevolence:
"Not only Zamindar Rabindranath or the entire Tagore dynasty did not have any record of donating anything, he did not have any reputation of making any donation towards primary schools, orphanage or dam constructions in Shahzadpur, Shilaidoh or Patishor. On the contrary, conniving threat from Tagore dynasty, Kangal Harinath Majumdar published narrative of Tagore dynasty's oppression and setting of arson to the entire villages." [Prof Ahmed Sharif, Rabindruttor Trityo Projonmey Rabindra Mullayan, Quaterly Uttaradhikar, published by Bangla Academy, Baisakh-Ashar issue, 1393].
Narayan Choudhury had this to say about Tagore, "Tagore had always been supporter of Zamindari system. It would be very hard to present any proof that he was saddened on seeing repression on the subjects. He even opposed the transfer of lands to the subjects on the argument that that measure would pave the way to misappropriation of lands." [Promoth Choudhury, Ryot'er Katha (introduction section) and Bataynik'er Patra].
in 1894 he raised the tax levied on his subjects. He even purchased new Zamindari from the Martin Company. There had been incidents of rebellion by the subjects due to raising of tax and collection of tax by force. Tagore suppressed that rebellion with great success! One Ismail Mollah led the rebellion against Tagore in Shilaidoh.Intolerant Tagore:
After I read a nice article written by one Muhammad Alamgir, I though about elaborating certain points with quotes from Hindu writers. Following is basically a compilation of excerpts taken from books and essays mostly written by Calcatian hindu writers who are basically Rabindra researchers. I hope some readers would be benefited by this.
Tagore's Religious Belief:
"Rabindranath discussed about this Hindu-Muslim issue during the census of 1819. He said, 'I was born in a Hindu family, but accepted Brahmo religion. ... The religion we accepted is universal in nature; however, it is basically the religion of the Hindus. We accepted this universal religion with the heart of Hindus." [Probhatkumar Mukharjee, Rabindrajiboni O Rabindrashahityo Probeyshok, vol 3, 3rd ed., published by Biswa Bharati Publishing Division in Poush 1395, pp.364-365].
"Tapobon Bidyala (school), a ashram established to instill ancient hindu ideology, took the shade of hindutva. Tagore started to turn himself into a very devout hindu. Gradually, casteism-based aparthied, injunctions of Manu Sanghita, and Brahminic glorification crept into their way into the school environ. Tagore decreed that a non-Brahmin teacher did not deserve salutation (pronam) from his Brahmin students. In a letter written to Manoranjan Banerjee in Agrahayan 19, 1309 Tagore clarified his position on the issue of salutation in these words, 'No non-hindu customs would be allowed into this school; It is imperative that students express their respect to Brahmin professors by touching their feet (pronum) and utter namasker to non-Brahmin teachers as per the rules set aside by Manu Sanghita.' " [Satyendranath Roy, 'Rabindra Manoney Hindu Dharma', The Desh, Autumn issue, 1905, p.305]
Tagore established Biswa Bharati to re-vitalize ancient "hindu customs" and ideology. In this effort, Hindi Bhavan (Building) was established in Shantiniketan on January 16 (sunday), 1938 (Magh 2, 1344). It is of no surprise that Tagore had very close friendship with Pundit Madonmohan Malabya -- a prominent leader of Kashi Hindu University and Hindu Mohashava.
When asked about the usefulness of Hindu Mohashava, Tagore said that he considered this movement more important than a mere political undertaking. 'Hindus would have to unite if they want to remain alive and not remain downtrodden for ever in the human society.' [From an interview with Tagore by journalist Mrinalkanti Bose in response to a statement by Modanmohan Malabya, Rabindra-Proshongo/Anandabazar Patrika, 1993, edited by Chittaranjan Banerjee, vol 1, pp. 259-260].Tagore's Benevolence:
"Not only Zamindar Rabindranath or the entire Tagore dynasty did not have any record of donating anything, he did not have any reputation of making any donation towards primary schools, orphanage or dam constructions in Shahzadpur, Shilaidoh or Patishor. On the contrary, conniving threat from Tagore dynasty, Kangal Harinath Majumdar published narrative of Tagore dynasty's oppression and setting of arson to the entire villages." [Prof Ahmed Sharif, Rabindruttor Trityo Projonmey Rabindra Mullayan, Quaterly Uttaradhikar, published by Bangla Academy, Baisakh-Ashar issue, 1393].
Narayan Choudhury had this to say about Tagore, "Tagore had always been supporter of Zamindari system. It would be very hard to present any proof that he was saddened on seeing repression on the subjects. He even opposed the transfer of lands to the subjects on the argument that that measure would pave the way to misappropriation of lands." [Promoth Choudhury, Ryot'er Katha (introduction section) and Bataynik'er Patra].
in 1894 he raised the tax levied on his subjects. He even purchased new Zamindari from the Martin Company. There had been incidents of rebellion by the subjects due to raising of tax and collection of tax by force. Tagore suppressed that rebellion with great success! One Ismail Mollah led the rebellion against Tagore in Shilaidoh.Intolerant Tagore:
"Tagore was not accustomed to tolerate any unfavorable criticism of him. Had there been nobody to protest in his favour, he used to defend himself by writing under pen names. Tagore-lover and Tagore-blessed Annadashankar Roy said, 'Tagore used to remove or destroy any evidence of his mistakes, criticisms or misdeeds with utmost care.' " [Prof Ahmed Sharif, Rabindruttor Trityo Projonmey Rabindra Mullayan, Quaterly Uttaradhikar, published by Bangla Academy, Baisakh-Ashar issue, 1393].
"Muslims could have trusted Hindus had the Hindus did not raise the issue of reservation at every step starting from 1909 till 1937. Bengalee Hindus opposed all regional divisions from 1932 to 1937, and Tagore extended his support in his speeches in those days. Didn't the main anxiety emanate from the fact that higher caste Hindus would loose their majority due to the numerical superiority of the Muslims and the Sudras (lower caste peope)? What this meant was that (putting aside the issue of Sudras), we did not believe the Muslims. Hindu interests wouldn't be looked after under Muslim majority rule -- wasn't this the reason? Were Syed Ahmed of Aligarh, Nawab of Dacca or Jinnah the only believers of Two Nation Theory? Weren't the suspicious Hindus also believers of Two Nation Theory?"
"In the Jaistha, 1343 issue of the Mohammadi magazine, a writer protested about the inclusion of some objectionable items in the Matriculation Bengali text book. One of them was a poem called 'Bicharok' (Judge) by Raghunath Rao. It contained lines like,Cholechhi Koritey Jobon Nipat,
Jogatey Jom'er Khadya.
[Here I go to kill Muslims,
To collect fodder for Yama (Hindu God of Death).]
Angry Tagore chided the letter writer in his rebuttal." [[Nityapryo Ghose, 'Swatantro Botey, Kintu Birudhho Ki?', The Desh, May 1, 1999]
Communal Tagore:
"Muslims could have trusted Hindus had the Hindus did not raise the issue of reservation at every step starting from 1909 till 1937. Bengalee Hindus opposed all regional divisions from 1932 to 1937, and Tagore extended his support in his speeches in those days. Didn't the main anxiety emanate from the fact that higher caste Hindus would loose their majority due to the numerical superiority of the Muslims and the Sudras (lower caste peope)? What this meant was that (putting aside the issue of Sudras), we did not believe the Muslims. Hindu interests wouldn't be looked after under Muslim majority rule -- wasn't this the reason? Were Syed Ahmed of Aligarh, Nawab of Dacca or Jinnah the only believers of Two Nation Theory? Weren't the suspicious Hindus also believers of Two Nation Theory?"
"In the Jaistha, 1343 issue of the Mohammadi magazine, a writer protested about the inclusion of some objectionable items in the Matriculation Bengali text book. One of them was a poem called 'Bicharok' (Judge) by Raghunath Rao. It contained lines like,Cholechhi Koritey Jobon Nipat,
Jogatey Jom'er Khadya.
[Here I go to kill Muslims,
To collect fodder for Yama (Hindu God of Death).]
Angry Tagore chided the letter writer in his rebuttal." [[Nityapryo Ghose, 'Swatantro Botey, Kintu Birudhho Ki?', The Desh, May 1, 1999]
Communal Tagore:
"Lot of similarity can be observed between the thoughts of Rabindranath and those of Ramendrasundar Trivedi and Brahmobandhob Upadya with respect to national issues and religion. Brahmobandhab wanted to view Hindu nationalism and Hindu society as the manifestation of Indian culture; By the term 'Hindutva' he meant both Hindu nationality and Hindu culture. The first essay appearing in the maiden issue of Bangodarshan magazine was 'Devotion of Hindu Society' written by Brahmobandhab." [Probhatkumar Mukharjee, Rabindrajiboni O Rabindrashahityo Probeyshok, vol 2, published by Biswa Bharati Publishing Division, p.23].
"In another letter addressed to Maharaja Kumar of Tripura, Tagore wrote from Shantiniketan (Baisakh 7, 1309), 'There exists acute shortage of Brahman and Khatrya people in the Indian subcontinent -- all of us have become sudras after being attacked with distress. With firm determination in mind, I have gotten myself deeply devoted, with utmost abilities, to the cause of re-establishing Brahmanic idelogy. I advise you to spread the ideology of Khatrya after being imbibed with Khatrya ideology in your heart.' " [ibid, p.41]
Tagore was not only a devout hindu but a highly anti-Muslim character. Even Prof Ahmed Sharif passed the following comments about him, "It does not bear any shred of liberal non-communalism on his part when almost all of his subjects in his Zamindari were Muslims, slaughtering of cows was banned, increased amount of taxes were collected by force or new hindu settlements were established to repress the protesting voices." [Prof Ahmed Sharif, Rabindruttor Trityo Projonmey Rabindra Mullayan, Quaterly Uttaradhikar, published by Bangla Academy, Baisakh-Ashar issue, 1393]
A communal poet like Tagore used to be glorified with full vigour in the electronic media during the second Awami regime that left behind the darkest chapter in the history of Bangladesh in every walk of life. Hindus don't suffer from inferiority complex. As such, they don't glorify any Muslim poet during their puja festivals. Durga puja programmes are shown with much more pomp and grandeur in BTV than Eid festivals in a Muslim majority country like Bangladesh. At this, Awami pigheaded intellectuals exclaim, "Aha! How beautiful is the hindu religion?" But when Muslims utter any islamic word in their religious programmes, this cabal term it as fundamentalism and communalism.
Tagore was deeply anti-Muslim/Islam:
"In another letter addressed to Maharaja Kumar of Tripura, Tagore wrote from Shantiniketan (Baisakh 7, 1309), 'There exists acute shortage of Brahman and Khatrya people in the Indian subcontinent -- all of us have become sudras after being attacked with distress. With firm determination in mind, I have gotten myself deeply devoted, with utmost abilities, to the cause of re-establishing Brahmanic idelogy. I advise you to spread the ideology of Khatrya after being imbibed with Khatrya ideology in your heart.' " [ibid, p.41]
Tagore was not only a devout hindu but a highly anti-Muslim character. Even Prof Ahmed Sharif passed the following comments about him, "It does not bear any shred of liberal non-communalism on his part when almost all of his subjects in his Zamindari were Muslims, slaughtering of cows was banned, increased amount of taxes were collected by force or new hindu settlements were established to repress the protesting voices." [Prof Ahmed Sharif, Rabindruttor Trityo Projonmey Rabindra Mullayan, Quaterly Uttaradhikar, published by Bangla Academy, Baisakh-Ashar issue, 1393]
A communal poet like Tagore used to be glorified with full vigour in the electronic media during the second Awami regime that left behind the darkest chapter in the history of Bangladesh in every walk of life. Hindus don't suffer from inferiority complex. As such, they don't glorify any Muslim poet during their puja festivals. Durga puja programmes are shown with much more pomp and grandeur in BTV than Eid festivals in a Muslim majority country like Bangladesh. At this, Awami pigheaded intellectuals exclaim, "Aha! How beautiful is the hindu religion?" But when Muslims utter any islamic word in their religious programmes, this cabal term it as fundamentalism and communalism.
Tagore was deeply anti-Muslim/Islam:
"At the age of 39, he composed 'Katha Kahini' poetry based on the ancient Brahmo mythological legends and chronological narratives of Buddha, Rajput, Maratha and Sikhs. But the 750 year-old indigeneous events or dervishes arriving from foreign lands or the magnanimity of Muslim rulers did not seem worthy of his consideration -- not even those of Emperor Akbar, Moinuddin Chisti, Razia, Anarkoli, Nurjahan. Nothing (except Tajmahal) of a nation or society that ruled India with might, knowledge, wealth and achievements for previous 600 years appealed to his good sense. This shows how deep hatred or permanent disrespect he harboured deep down his heart for this ruling class coming from foreign lands. [Prof Ahmed Sharif, Rabindruttor Trityo Projonmey Rabindra Mullayan, Quaterly Uttaradhikar, published by Bangla Academy, Baisakh-Ashar issue, 1393].
Following is a relevant poem by a leftist writer Farhad Mazhar:
Thakur'er Beta
by Farhad Mazhar
Amad'er Rabibabu mostoo boro kobi, shahebra
Nobel Prize dieye hoq tar shahityo keertir
Korech'he kodor. Ingrez'er gethu hoyey taar baap dada
Malpani kameychhe, Boneychhe Swagoshey Zamidar
Kintoo bongsh'er doshey jol pora pata nora probhu
Kobhu bondho hoy nai -- shey hoyechhey bish'er shayer.
Taharey salam kori, taharey marhaba kohi praney
Parwardigar tobu dil mor bohut nkhosh
Taar proti. Chhilo dosh Rabindr'er. Tenar kolomey
Bahu poigambar shadhak o monishir naam
Hoeyechhey swaron kintoo ghunakhkhorey nabi Muhammad
Aakarey Ingitey bhabey diley kimba nib'er dogai
Ekbaro aashey nai, takey tai maaf kori nai
Thakur betatarey tumi kintoo Rahman korey dyo maaf.
In the novel Gora, Rabindranath Tagore subtly expressed his hatred toward Muslims through a statement of his hero Gora who addressed his oppressed Muslims subjects in these words -- "Your Mohammad did not preach the religion in a good manner."
Litteratuer Motahar Hossain Choudhury once asked Rabindranath on the premises of Shanti Niketon, "How come there is no mention of Islam or the prophet in your writings?" Replied the poet, "I started to read Quran but could not advance much. Besides, I did not like the character of rasul." [Culled from an essay 'Islami Shangskritir Ruprekha' (Outlines of Islamic Culture) by Dr. Mustafizur Rahman].Tagore as an oppressor:
Following is a relevant poem by a leftist writer Farhad Mazhar:
Thakur'er Beta
by Farhad Mazhar
Amad'er Rabibabu mostoo boro kobi, shahebra
Nobel Prize dieye hoq tar shahityo keertir
Korech'he kodor. Ingrez'er gethu hoyey taar baap dada
Malpani kameychhe, Boneychhe Swagoshey Zamidar
Kintoo bongsh'er doshey jol pora pata nora probhu
Kobhu bondho hoy nai -- shey hoyechhey bish'er shayer.
Taharey salam kori, taharey marhaba kohi praney
Parwardigar tobu dil mor bohut nkhosh
Taar proti. Chhilo dosh Rabindr'er. Tenar kolomey
Bahu poigambar shadhak o monishir naam
Hoeyechhey swaron kintoo ghunakhkhorey nabi Muhammad
Aakarey Ingitey bhabey diley kimba nib'er dogai
Ekbaro aashey nai, takey tai maaf kori nai
Thakur betatarey tumi kintoo Rahman korey dyo maaf.
In the novel Gora, Rabindranath Tagore subtly expressed his hatred toward Muslims through a statement of his hero Gora who addressed his oppressed Muslims subjects in these words -- "Your Mohammad did not preach the religion in a good manner."
Litteratuer Motahar Hossain Choudhury once asked Rabindranath on the premises of Shanti Niketon, "How come there is no mention of Islam or the prophet in your writings?" Replied the poet, "I started to read Quran but could not advance much. Besides, I did not like the character of rasul." [Culled from an essay 'Islami Shangskritir Ruprekha' (Outlines of Islamic Culture) by Dr. Mustafizur Rahman].Tagore as an oppressor:
"Honourable Prime Minister [Sheikh Hasina] urged to take the philosophy of Tagore to every door. But what was this philosophy? It is a fact that Tagore was Nobel Prize winning world famous and great poet, but did he leave behind any great philosophy as a great man? It is also a fact that being enchanted by the appeal of his songs and poems, some people regard him almost like a deity, but was he really worthy of regarded to as such? The life of Tagore bears testimony to the opposite. Tagore portrayed many Upens with heart-rending narratives, but like his father grandfather he was basically greedy and cruel oppressor of poor subjects. Although universal love was the main theme of his poetry, he himself was guided by pride and discrimination. Although he used to wear, like the ancient priests, Upanishadic outfit and his physical stature resembled to those of priests, he was, in heart and mind, an obedient worshipper of the Royal British rulers. How can a person of this self-serving and self-contradicting and cunning double-dealing nature be our role model?
Very few people know the true colour of Tagore. And one of them who knew him very well as his widowed sister. Their father Debendranath Tagore allocated a portion of the income from Zamindari to pay for the monthly allowance for his widowed daughter. But Tagore stopped this allowance after the death of their father by destroying the legal documents. Believe it or not, Tagore also burnt all Will papers (compiled and signed by their grandfather) with the noble motive of depriving all shareholders mentioned in the Will." [Prof Abu Zafar, 'Rabindra Bibh'bram', Daily Inqilab, July 7, 2000].
Very few people know the true colour of Tagore. And one of them who knew him very well as his widowed sister. Their father Debendranath Tagore allocated a portion of the income from Zamindari to pay for the monthly allowance for his widowed daughter. But Tagore stopped this allowance after the death of their father by destroying the legal documents. Believe it or not, Tagore also burnt all Will papers (compiled and signed by their grandfather) with the noble motive of depriving all shareholders mentioned in the Will." [Prof Abu Zafar, 'Rabindra Bibh'bram', Daily Inqilab, July 7, 2000].
Tagore was more Hindu than Bengalee:
"Nirod C. Choudhuri commented about Tagore, "Never before in the history of Bengal, a famous Bengali, pure Bengali Hindu better than Tagore was ever born." Tagore handed down his verdict like this way, "British rule is all about God's rule. To rebel against it is sin." He said, "Although Muslims are followers of Islam, they are Hindu in race; They are basically 'Hindu-Muslim'." [Dr Badiuzzaman, Bidrohi Rabindranath Paschim'er Shimantey, 2000].
Patriotic songs like 'Amar Sonar Bangla', 'Banglar Maati Banglar Jol/ Banglar Baiyu Banglar Ful' etc remind us the name of Tagore right away. However, these songs might give wrong notion about Tagore's love for Bengal, Bengali or Bengalee.
"Though a Brahmin, Tagore married 11-year old Mrinalini Devi at his age of 22 years. He married off his three daughters at the ages of 15.5, 12 and 14 years, respectively. Since his blossoming youth, his life revolved around Brahmo society, worshipping in temple, and Tatyabodhini magazine. Although Tagore, throughout his entire life, was devoted to the welfare of Brahmo society, and religious duties, there exists no clear proof about the emergence of shapeless Brahmo or Vedic Brahmo ideology in his mindset. Gods and Goddesses of Hindu mythology enveloped his thought process in his emotive world." [Prof Ahmed Sharif, Rabindruttor Trityo Projonmey Rabindra Mullayan, Quaterly Uttaradhikar, published by Bangla Academy, Baisakh-Ashar issue, 1393].
In his works, Tagore glorified (or at least mentioned their names) ancient Bharat, the era of Upanishad, nature of Tapobon, era of Kalidas ('Aami jodi jonmo nitam Kalidas'er kaley' i.e. I wish I were born in the era of Kalidas), Sikh, Maratha, Rajputs, Shivajee, Guru Govinda, religious leaders like Ramananda, Kabir, Nanak, Ramdas, Tulsidas et al, even less-known figures like Tara Singh, Ratan Rao, Harabongshi, Birkumbha, Durgesh Dumraj et al, Laksmibai (Queen of Janshi), Talukdar Kumar Singh (Ayodhya) et al. He wrote,'Durey bohu durey
Swapnolokey Ujjoinipurey
Khujitey Gechhinu Jobey Shipranodir parey
Mor Purba jonom'er prothoma priyarey.'
It is surprising to note that Tagore could hardly find any character (even non-Muslim) from ancient or modern Bengal to glorify in his works! However, ignorant Muslim Bengalees are enamoured with the Bengaleeism of Tagore! What was so Bengalee about Tagore other than the fact that he wrote and speak in Bengali. Comments of Probodh Sen are worth-mentioning here, "The erstwhile British govt split Bengal into two parts on October 16, 1905 (Aswin 30, 1312). At that time, Bengal patriotism found its best expression thru' the songs of Tagore; Songs like 'Ebar Tor Mora Gangey Baan Esheychhey', 'Jodi Tor Daak Shuney Keu Naa Aashey', 'Amar Sonar Bangla Aami Tomay Bhalobashi', etc were composed around that time. Previously composed song 'O Amar Desh'er Maati Tomar Porey Thetai Maatha' was published in the Aswin issue of Bangodarshan magazine. We need to keep in mind that it was the month of Aswin -- the month of matribondana. This song was the lucid and natural expression of Bankim's Bandematram song. As such considered from various angles, this song can be considered Rabindric version of Bankim's Bandeymatram song." [Probodhchandra Sen, Bankim-Rabindra Dristitey Banglar Otit, p.219]
A devout Rabindra researcher Probodhchandra Sen had this to say about Tagore, "... Like Bankimchandra, Rabindranath was not solely devoted to the cause of Bengal rather to that of Mother India. Actually, he never showed distinct respect towards Bengali culture and tradition. For Bangladesh, he left behind the proposition of assimilation with India. ... There is hardly any influence of the history of Bengal in the works of Tagore." [Probodhchandra Sen, Bhor'er Paakhi O Ananya Proshongo, 1998, p.281]
Annadashankar Roy commented about Tagore, "He is like a river since his talent did not flourish fully in the arena of ancient Sangskrit literature, Antolok literature or Bengali literature. Justice would be meted out to him only if we give him a place beside Indian poets like Balmiki or Kalidas rather than considering him a Bengalee poet. ... He lost his direction after being awarded Nobel Prize, and became a burden to the world by neglecting the flourishment of his full poetic potential." [From a letter written to poet Vishnu Dey by Annadashankar Roy on July 13, 1947 appearing in the essay 'Chithi Shototoi Soondor', The Sananda, November 22, 1996].
Patriotic songs like 'Amar Sonar Bangla', 'Banglar Maati Banglar Jol/ Banglar Baiyu Banglar Ful' etc remind us the name of Tagore right away. However, these songs might give wrong notion about Tagore's love for Bengal, Bengali or Bengalee.
"Though a Brahmin, Tagore married 11-year old Mrinalini Devi at his age of 22 years. He married off his three daughters at the ages of 15.5, 12 and 14 years, respectively. Since his blossoming youth, his life revolved around Brahmo society, worshipping in temple, and Tatyabodhini magazine. Although Tagore, throughout his entire life, was devoted to the welfare of Brahmo society, and religious duties, there exists no clear proof about the emergence of shapeless Brahmo or Vedic Brahmo ideology in his mindset. Gods and Goddesses of Hindu mythology enveloped his thought process in his emotive world." [Prof Ahmed Sharif, Rabindruttor Trityo Projonmey Rabindra Mullayan, Quaterly Uttaradhikar, published by Bangla Academy, Baisakh-Ashar issue, 1393].
In his works, Tagore glorified (or at least mentioned their names) ancient Bharat, the era of Upanishad, nature of Tapobon, era of Kalidas ('Aami jodi jonmo nitam Kalidas'er kaley' i.e. I wish I were born in the era of Kalidas), Sikh, Maratha, Rajputs, Shivajee, Guru Govinda, religious leaders like Ramananda, Kabir, Nanak, Ramdas, Tulsidas et al, even less-known figures like Tara Singh, Ratan Rao, Harabongshi, Birkumbha, Durgesh Dumraj et al, Laksmibai (Queen of Janshi), Talukdar Kumar Singh (Ayodhya) et al. He wrote,'Durey bohu durey
Swapnolokey Ujjoinipurey
Khujitey Gechhinu Jobey Shipranodir parey
Mor Purba jonom'er prothoma priyarey.'
It is surprising to note that Tagore could hardly find any character (even non-Muslim) from ancient or modern Bengal to glorify in his works! However, ignorant Muslim Bengalees are enamoured with the Bengaleeism of Tagore! What was so Bengalee about Tagore other than the fact that he wrote and speak in Bengali. Comments of Probodh Sen are worth-mentioning here, "The erstwhile British govt split Bengal into two parts on October 16, 1905 (Aswin 30, 1312). At that time, Bengal patriotism found its best expression thru' the songs of Tagore; Songs like 'Ebar Tor Mora Gangey Baan Esheychhey', 'Jodi Tor Daak Shuney Keu Naa Aashey', 'Amar Sonar Bangla Aami Tomay Bhalobashi', etc were composed around that time. Previously composed song 'O Amar Desh'er Maati Tomar Porey Thetai Maatha' was published in the Aswin issue of Bangodarshan magazine. We need to keep in mind that it was the month of Aswin -- the month of matribondana. This song was the lucid and natural expression of Bankim's Bandematram song. As such considered from various angles, this song can be considered Rabindric version of Bankim's Bandeymatram song." [Probodhchandra Sen, Bankim-Rabindra Dristitey Banglar Otit, p.219]
A devout Rabindra researcher Probodhchandra Sen had this to say about Tagore, "... Like Bankimchandra, Rabindranath was not solely devoted to the cause of Bengal rather to that of Mother India. Actually, he never showed distinct respect towards Bengali culture and tradition. For Bangladesh, he left behind the proposition of assimilation with India. ... There is hardly any influence of the history of Bengal in the works of Tagore." [Probodhchandra Sen, Bhor'er Paakhi O Ananya Proshongo, 1998, p.281]
Annadashankar Roy commented about Tagore, "He is like a river since his talent did not flourish fully in the arena of ancient Sangskrit literature, Antolok literature or Bengali literature. Justice would be meted out to him only if we give him a place beside Indian poets like Balmiki or Kalidas rather than considering him a Bengalee poet. ... He lost his direction after being awarded Nobel Prize, and became a burden to the world by neglecting the flourishment of his full poetic potential." [From a letter written to poet Vishnu Dey by Annadashankar Roy on July 13, 1947 appearing in the essay 'Chithi Shototoi Soondor', The Sananda, November 22, 1996].
Tagore's Love for Bengali language:
"Himself being written in Bengali language, Tagore favoured hindi as the state language of India. He wrote in a letter, 'Mahatma Gandhi spread the Hindi language all over India in various ways.' In response to the question posed by Gandhi regarding the future of hindi language, Tagore replied on January 28, 1918, 'Hindi is the only possible national language for inter-provincial intercourse in India. But about its introduction at the Congress, I think, we can not enforce it for a long time to come ... Hindi will have to remain optional in our national proceedings until a new generation of politicians, fully alive to its importance, pave the way toward its general use by constant practice as voluntary acceptance of a national obligation.' " [Probhatkumar Mukharjee, Rabindrajiboni O Rabindrashahityo Probeyshok, vol 3, 3rd ed., published by Biswa Bharati Publishing Division, pp.151-152].
"Himself being written in Bengali language, Tagore favoured hindi as the state language of India. He wrote in a letter, 'Mahatma Gandhi spread the Hindi language all over India in various ways.' In response to the question posed by Gandhi regarding the future of hindi language, Tagore replied on January 28, 1918, 'Hindi is the only possible national language for inter-provincial intercourse in India. But about its introduction at the Congress, I think, we can not enforce it for a long time to come ... Hindi will have to remain optional in our national proceedings until a new generation of politicians, fully alive to its importance, pave the way toward its general use by constant practice as voluntary acceptance of a national obligation.' " [Probhatkumar Mukharjee, Rabindrajiboni O Rabindrashahityo Probeyshok, vol 3, 3rd ed., published by Biswa Bharati Publishing Division, pp.151-152].
Tagore was a 'Razakar' of British Colonialists:
"However, he did not harbour the same feeling towards the British. Rather he nurtured profound love, confidence and respect for them. The reason behind his indifference towards politics of self-governance in the country, non-chalance about the establishement of independence movement was this love for the British. Novels like 'Ghorey-Bairey', 'Char Odday' and some essays are worth recalling in this respect. He did not have propensity to establish self-governance for India. He was expectant of good governance by the British. Essays like 'Rajkutumbo', 'Ghushoghushi', 'Swadeshi Samaj' etc are to be recalled here. It is to be kept in mind that brutal killing at Jaliwanwalabagh did not move him an inch to renounce his Knighthood; it took 46 days for him to come to that decision due to some internal pressure. The 40-year old poet composed 'Matrishokashchash' to mourn the death of Queen Victoria; Knighthood delighted him to his heart's content, and in 1911 the grateful poet composed, on behalf of the Hindus, the hymn 'Jonogon Mon Odhinayok' to extol King George V for repealing the Bengal Partition Act." [Prof Ahmed Sharif, Rabindruttor Trityo Projonmey Rabindra Mullayan, Quaterly Uttaradhikar, published by Bangla Academy, Baisakh-Ashar issue, 1393].
As the rebels found Tagore to be against the independence movement, they wanted to physically eliminate Tagore. This threat was extended even when he was touring America. Here is a news clip from those days, "Word of a plot to assassinate Rabindranath Tagore, Hindu poet and Nobel Prize winner, reached the police yesterday and led to extraordinary precautions to guard him in the apartment at the Palace Hotel and at the Columbia Theatre where he lectured in the afternoon." [San Francisco Examiner, October 6, 1916]. Note that Tagore was identified as a Hindu poet.
During the second Awami regime, electronic media (BTV, ATN, Channel I, EkusheyTV) was abused to promote Tagore as a soldier of independence movement from the clutches of British mercenary cabal.
"However, he did not harbour the same feeling towards the British. Rather he nurtured profound love, confidence and respect for them. The reason behind his indifference towards politics of self-governance in the country, non-chalance about the establishement of independence movement was this love for the British. Novels like 'Ghorey-Bairey', 'Char Odday' and some essays are worth recalling in this respect. He did not have propensity to establish self-governance for India. He was expectant of good governance by the British. Essays like 'Rajkutumbo', 'Ghushoghushi', 'Swadeshi Samaj' etc are to be recalled here. It is to be kept in mind that brutal killing at Jaliwanwalabagh did not move him an inch to renounce his Knighthood; it took 46 days for him to come to that decision due to some internal pressure. The 40-year old poet composed 'Matrishokashchash' to mourn the death of Queen Victoria; Knighthood delighted him to his heart's content, and in 1911 the grateful poet composed, on behalf of the Hindus, the hymn 'Jonogon Mon Odhinayok' to extol King George V for repealing the Bengal Partition Act." [Prof Ahmed Sharif, Rabindruttor Trityo Projonmey Rabindra Mullayan, Quaterly Uttaradhikar, published by Bangla Academy, Baisakh-Ashar issue, 1393].
As the rebels found Tagore to be against the independence movement, they wanted to physically eliminate Tagore. This threat was extended even when he was touring America. Here is a news clip from those days, "Word of a plot to assassinate Rabindranath Tagore, Hindu poet and Nobel Prize winner, reached the police yesterday and led to extraordinary precautions to guard him in the apartment at the Palace Hotel and at the Columbia Theatre where he lectured in the afternoon." [San Francisco Examiner, October 6, 1916]. Note that Tagore was identified as a Hindu poet.
During the second Awami regime, electronic media (BTV, ATN, Channel I, EkusheyTV) was abused to promote Tagore as a soldier of independence movement from the clutches of British mercenary cabal.
Writing for money Resorting to Plagiarism:
Pratap Narayan Biswas, a Calcatian author-resembler, wrote several essays accusing Tagore of plagiarism. One of them 'Jogajog: Goldsworthy Rabindranath' was published in the first issue of 'Onustap' [now in its 23rd year of publication] magazine. Here is one comment about Tagore, "Sir Rabindranath Tagore is not a poet who brings news from the East, but one who returns to us what we have already lent." [Edward Shanks, 'Sir Rabindranath Tagore', The Queen (London), 1921].
Before starting to write his Jogajog novel, Tagore, in Chaitra 12, 1333 (Chithipatra 5) said, 'An attempt is underway to bring out a new magazine by the name of 'Bichitra' by some enterprising and rich quarter. I have fallen prey to their trap owing to both my want of money and greed. You won't be able to figure out how destitute I have become.' [See also Probhatkumar Mukharjee, Rabindra Jiboni, vol 3, 1359, p.249].
To give some background behind his writing of Gora novel, Prabhatkumar said, 'The urge to write stories was external. Tagore's youngest daughter was to be married off in Jaistha, 1314. There was acute want of money. Ramananda Chatterjee requested Tagore to write a short story for The Probashi magazine and sent some money in advance. The poet wrote and sent two short stories. 'Master Moshoy' and 'Galpo' which were published in two installments of The Probashi (Asar Sravan). But the poet thought that he was not adequately paid. As such he started to write Gora novel. During the writing of Gora, Tagore was not only inflicted with financial hardship, he succumbed to various physical and psychological hardship arising from illness of his horse and daughter Meera, and deaths of friend Srishchandra Majumdar, son-in-law Satyendranath and son Shomindranath. Despite this hardship, he managed to send installments of Gora to the office of The Probashi spanning a period of 32 months. The only reason behind this was that he was able to borrow the main theme, characters, incidents, narrative details and dialogue from less known novel 'Felix Holt The Radical'. Two other books that were consulted to complete the Gora novel were The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith and Father Sons by Tugerniev (sp?). Some of his famous short stories (such as Sampat'ti, Swamorpon, Nishithey, Khudhitoo Pashan, Guptodhon) were written borrowing themes, plots, characters, background, descriptions from foreign short stories.
Pratap Narayan Biswas, a Calcatian author-resembler, wrote several essays accusing Tagore of plagiarism. One of them 'Jogajog: Goldsworthy Rabindranath' was published in the first issue of 'Onustap' [now in its 23rd year of publication] magazine. Here is one comment about Tagore, "Sir Rabindranath Tagore is not a poet who brings news from the East, but one who returns to us what we have already lent." [Edward Shanks, 'Sir Rabindranath Tagore', The Queen (London), 1921].
Before starting to write his Jogajog novel, Tagore, in Chaitra 12, 1333 (Chithipatra 5) said, 'An attempt is underway to bring out a new magazine by the name of 'Bichitra' by some enterprising and rich quarter. I have fallen prey to their trap owing to both my want of money and greed. You won't be able to figure out how destitute I have become.' [See also Probhatkumar Mukharjee, Rabindra Jiboni, vol 3, 1359, p.249].
To give some background behind his writing of Gora novel, Prabhatkumar said, 'The urge to write stories was external. Tagore's youngest daughter was to be married off in Jaistha, 1314. There was acute want of money. Ramananda Chatterjee requested Tagore to write a short story for The Probashi magazine and sent some money in advance. The poet wrote and sent two short stories. 'Master Moshoy' and 'Galpo' which were published in two installments of The Probashi (Asar Sravan). But the poet thought that he was not adequately paid. As such he started to write Gora novel. During the writing of Gora, Tagore was not only inflicted with financial hardship, he succumbed to various physical and psychological hardship arising from illness of his horse and daughter Meera, and deaths of friend Srishchandra Majumdar, son-in-law Satyendranath and son Shomindranath. Despite this hardship, he managed to send installments of Gora to the office of The Probashi spanning a period of 32 months. The only reason behind this was that he was able to borrow the main theme, characters, incidents, narrative details and dialogue from less known novel 'Felix Holt The Radical'. Two other books that were consulted to complete the Gora novel were The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith and Father Sons by Tugerniev (sp?). Some of his famous short stories (such as Sampat'ti, Swamorpon, Nishithey, Khudhitoo Pashan, Guptodhon) were written borrowing themes, plots, characters, background, descriptions from foreign short stories.
TAGORE'S ILLICIT AFFAIRS WITH LADIES
Guruzi enjoyed countless affairs . His affair with his own baudi Kadambari devi and Victoria Okampo is well-known. Kadambari Devi committed suicide at the age of 25. Rabindranath Tagore" by Krishna Dutta and Andrew Robinson and Protham Alo by Sunil gangopadhya have shed light on Tagore-Kadambari affair.
May Allah guide us along the path of His blessed slaves and not on the path of those who remained away from Islam.
Date: Sat, 9 May 2015 15:48:26 +0600
Subject: কেমন ছিলেন জমিদার রবীন্দ্রনাথ ?
From: bdmailer@gmail.com
To:
কেমন ছিলেন জমিদার রবীন্দ্রনাথ ?
নয়ন চ্যাটার্জি
আজকাল অনেকেই প্রচার করে জমিদার রবীন্দ্রনাথ অনেক উদার ও প্রজাদরদীছিলেন। অথচ ইতিহাস তার সম্পূর্ণ বিপরীত সাক্ষ্য দেয়। আসুন দেখি ইতিহাস কি বলে:
১) "রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর সামন্তবাদী প্রজাপীড়ক জমিদার ছিলেন। তার দফায় দফায় খাজনা বৃদ্ধি এবং জোর-জবরদস্তি করে তা আদায়ের বিরুদ্ধে ইসমাইল মোল্লার নেতৃত্বে শিলাইদহে প্রজাবিদ্রোহ হয়েছিল। (সূত্র: অধ্যাপক অমিতাভ চৌধুরী, জমিদার রবীন্দ্রনাথ, দেশ ১৪৮২ শারদীয় সংখ্যা)
২) চারিদিকে নিষ্ঠুরতা ও দুর্নামের প্রতিকূল বাতাসকে অনুকূল করতে "রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের প্রাইভেট সেক্রেটারী অমিয় চক্রবর্তী একবার বিশাল জমিদারীর একটি ক্ষুদ্র অংশ দরিদ্র প্রজাসাধারণের জন্য দান করার প্রস্তাব করেছিলেন। ঠাকুরমশাই ইজিচেয়ারে আধাশোয়া অবস্থা থেকে সোজা হয়ে বলেছিলেন, "বল কিহে অমিয়। আমার রথীন (কবির একমাত্র পুত্রের নাম) তাহলে খাবে কী? (দ্রষ্টব্য: অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায়ের রচনা থেকে উদ্ধৃত পুস্তক 'রবীন্দ্রনাথের রাজনৈতিক চিন্তাধারা: আবু জাফর)
৩) অধ্যাপক অরবিন্দ পোদ্দার লিখেছে, "জমিদার জমিদারই। রাজস্ব আদায় ও বৃদ্ধি, প্রজা নির্যাতন ও যথেচ্ছ আচরণের যে সব অস্ত্র, চিরস্থায়ী বন্দোবস্ত বাংলার জমিদার শ্রেণীর হাতে তুলে দিয়েছিল, ঠাকুর পরিবার তার সদব্যবহারে কোন দ্বিধা করেনি। এমনকি জাতীয়তাবাদী হৃদয়াবেগ ঔপনিষদিক ঋষিমন্ত্রের পুনরাবৃত্তি এবং হিন্দুমেলার উদাত্ত আহবানও জমিদার রবীন্দ্রনাথকে তার শ্রেণীস্বার্থ থেকে বিচ্যুত করতে পারেনি। (দ্রষ্টব্য অরবিন্দ পোদ্দার: রবীন্দ্রনাথ ও রাজনৈতিক প্রবন্ধ)
৪) সাহিত্যিক অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায়ও বলেছে, "শান্তিনিকেতনে একটি চাকরি পেয়ে তার আধা-সরকারি চাকরি ছেড়ে দেয়ার ইচ্ছা ছিল। কিন্তু রবীন্দ্রনাথ হলেন জমিদার মর্জির, ঠিক নেই, কখনো আবার চাকরি নষ্ট করে দিলে তার খাবার অভাব হবে। রবীন্দ্রনাথ ইন্টরালেন্ট (অসহিষ্ণু) ছিলেন। যে মাস্টার রবীন্দ্রনাথের কথার প্রতিবাদ করতেন তার চাকরি থাকতো না।"
৫) অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায় আরও বলে, "জমিদার হিসেবে ঠাকুর পরিবার ছিল অত্যাচারী। গ্রাম জ্বালিয়ে দিয়েছিল, বুট পরে প্রজাকে লাথি মেরেছেন, পায়ে দলেছেন দেবেন ঠাকুর। এটাই রেকর্ড করেছিল হরিনাথ মজুমদার। যিনি মহর্ষি বলে পরিচিত, তিনি একইরকমভাবে মানুষকে পদাঘাতে দলিত করেন। গ্রাম জ্বালাবার কথাও আছে। আবুল আহসান চৌধুরীর কাছে এর সমস্ত ডকুমেন্ট আছে। সমগ্র ঠাকুর পরিবার কখনো প্রজার কোন উপকার করে নাই। স্কুল করা, দীঘি কাটানো এসব কখনো করে নাই। মুসলমান প্রজাদের টিট করার জন্য নমশূদ্র প্রজা এনে বসতি স্থাপনের সাম্প্রদায়িক বুদ্ধি রবীন্দ্রনাথের মাথা থেকেই এসেছিল। কাঙাল হরিনাথ মজুমদার তার 'গ্রাম্যবার্তা প্রকাশিকা' পত্রিকায় ঠাকুর পরিবারের প্রজাপীড়নের কথা লিখে ঠাকুর পরিবারের বিরাগভাজন হয়েছিলেন।" (দ্রষ্টব্য দৈনিক বাংলাবাজার, ১৪.০৪.১৯৯৭ এবং ১.৫.১৯৯৭ সংখ্যা)
৬) স্বামী বিবেকানন্দের ঘনিষ্ঠ ভ্রাতা ভূপেন্দ্রনাথ দত্ত তার জন্য লিখেছে, "রবীন্দ্রনাথ অত্যন্ত সামন্ততান্ত্রিক।"
৭) জমিদারদের বড়দেবতা হলো অর্থ আর স্বার্থ। অর্থ আর স্বার্থলাভ করতে ঠাকুর পরিবারের জমিদার হিসেবে দুর্নামের কালো দিক আড়াল করে রাখলেও প্রকৃত ইতিহাসের পাতা থেকে তা মোছা যাবে না। "ঠাকুর পরিবারের এই মহর্ষি জমিদারদের প্রতি কটাক্ষ করে হরিনাথ লিখেছেন, "ধর্মমন্দিরে ধর্মালোচনা আর বাহিরে আসিয়া মনুষ্যশরীরে পাদুকাপ্রহার, একথা আর গোপন করিতে পারি না।" (অশোক চট্টোপাধ্যায়: প্রাক বৃটিশ ভারতীয় সমাজ, পৃষ্ঠা ১২৭, ১৯৮৮)
৮) সিরাজগঞ্জে প্রজা নির্যাতনের দলিলও ইতিহাসে পাওয়া যায়। "এর প্রেক্ষিতে সিরাজগঞ্জের ডেপুটি ম্যাজিস্ট্রেটের বদলির আদেশ হয়েছিল এবং যে যে জমিদার উপরের আবরণের গুণে তপস্বী বলিয়া গভর্নমেন্টে পরিচিত ছিলেন, তাহারা যে বিড়াল তপস্বী তা প্রমাণিত হয়েছিল। এসবের ফলশ্রুতিতে হরিনাথকে ঐ জমিদারের বিষনজনে পড়তে হয়েছিল।" (অশোক চট্টোপাধ্যায়, ঐ, পৃ ১২৮)
আজকে সেই প্রজানিপীড়ক জমিদার রবীন্দ্রনাথকে বানানো হয়েছে প্রজাপ্রেমী জমিদার। ইতিহাসকে যে কতোটা বিকৃত করা হয়েছে..............
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নয়ন চ্যাটার্জি
আজকাল অনেকেই প্রচার করে জমিদার রবীন্দ্রনাথ অনেক উদার ও প্রজাদরদীছিলেন। অথচ ইতিহাস তার সম্পূর্ণ বিপরীত সাক্ষ্য দেয়। আসুন দেখি ইতিহাস কি বলে:
১) "রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর সামন্তবাদী প্রজাপীড়ক জমিদার ছিলেন। তার দফায় দফায় খাজনা বৃদ্ধি এবং জোর-জবরদস্তি করে তা আদায়ের বিরুদ্ধে ইসমাইল মোল্লার নেতৃত্বে শিলাইদহে প্রজাবিদ্রোহ হয়েছিল। (সূত্র: অধ্যাপক অমিতাভ চৌধুরী, জমিদার রবীন্দ্রনাথ, দেশ ১৪৮২ শারদীয় সংখ্যা)
২) চারিদিকে নিষ্ঠুরতা ও দুর্নামের প্রতিকূল বাতাসকে অনুকূল করতে "রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের প্রাইভেট সেক্রেটারী অমিয় চক্রবর্তী একবার বিশাল জমিদারীর একটি ক্ষুদ্র অংশ দরিদ্র প্রজাসাধারণের জন্য দান করার প্রস্তাব করেছিলেন। ঠাকুরমশাই ইজিচেয়ারে আধাশোয়া অবস্থা থেকে সোজা হয়ে বলেছিলেন, "বল কিহে অমিয়। আমার রথীন (কবির একমাত্র পুত্রের নাম) তাহলে খাবে কী? (দ্রষ্টব্য: অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায়ের রচনা থেকে উদ্ধৃত পুস্তক 'রবীন্দ্রনাথের রাজনৈতিক চিন্তাধারা: আবু জাফর)
৩) অধ্যাপক অরবিন্দ পোদ্দার লিখেছে, "জমিদার জমিদারই। রাজস্ব আদায় ও বৃদ্ধি, প্রজা নির্যাতন ও যথেচ্ছ আচরণের যে সব অস্ত্র, চিরস্থায়ী বন্দোবস্ত বাংলার জমিদার শ্রেণীর হাতে তুলে দিয়েছিল, ঠাকুর পরিবার তার সদব্যবহারে কোন দ্বিধা করেনি। এমনকি জাতীয়তাবাদী হৃদয়াবেগ ঔপনিষদিক ঋষিমন্ত্রের পুনরাবৃত্তি এবং হিন্দুমেলার উদাত্ত আহবানও জমিদার রবীন্দ্রনাথকে তার শ্রেণীস্বার্থ থেকে বিচ্যুত করতে পারেনি। (দ্রষ্টব্য অরবিন্দ পোদ্দার: রবীন্দ্রনাথ ও রাজনৈতিক প্রবন্ধ)
৪) সাহিত্যিক অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায়ও বলেছে, "শান্তিনিকেতনে একটি চাকরি পেয়ে তার আধা-সরকারি চাকরি ছেড়ে দেয়ার ইচ্ছা ছিল। কিন্তু রবীন্দ্রনাথ হলেন জমিদার মর্জির, ঠিক নেই, কখনো আবার চাকরি নষ্ট করে দিলে তার খাবার অভাব হবে। রবীন্দ্রনাথ ইন্টরালেন্ট (অসহিষ্ণু) ছিলেন। যে মাস্টার রবীন্দ্রনাথের কথার প্রতিবাদ করতেন তার চাকরি থাকতো না।"
৫) অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায় আরও বলে, "জমিদার হিসেবে ঠাকুর পরিবার ছিল অত্যাচারী। গ্রাম জ্বালিয়ে দিয়েছিল, বুট পরে প্রজাকে লাথি মেরেছেন, পায়ে দলেছেন দেবেন ঠাকুর। এটাই রেকর্ড করেছিল হরিনাথ মজুমদার। যিনি মহর্ষি বলে পরিচিত, তিনি একইরকমভাবে মানুষকে পদাঘাতে দলিত করেন। গ্রাম জ্বালাবার কথাও আছে। আবুল আহসান চৌধুরীর কাছে এর সমস্ত ডকুমেন্ট আছে। সমগ্র ঠাকুর পরিবার কখনো প্রজার কোন উপকার করে নাই। স্কুল করা, দীঘি কাটানো এসব কখনো করে নাই। মুসলমান প্রজাদের টিট করার জন্য নমশূদ্র প্রজা এনে বসতি স্থাপনের সাম্প্রদায়িক বুদ্ধি রবীন্দ্রনাথের মাথা থেকেই এসেছিল। কাঙাল হরিনাথ মজুমদার তার 'গ্রাম্যবার্তা প্রকাশিকা' পত্রিকায় ঠাকুর পরিবারের প্রজাপীড়নের কথা লিখে ঠাকুর পরিবারের বিরাগভাজন হয়েছিলেন।" (দ্রষ্টব্য দৈনিক বাংলাবাজার, ১৪.০৪.১৯৯৭ এবং ১.৫.১৯৯৭ সংখ্যা)
৬) স্বামী বিবেকানন্দের ঘনিষ্ঠ ভ্রাতা ভূপেন্দ্রনাথ দত্ত তার জন্য লিখেছে, "রবীন্দ্রনাথ অত্যন্ত সামন্ততান্ত্রিক।"
৭) জমিদারদের বড়দেবতা হলো অর্থ আর স্বার্থ। অর্থ আর স্বার্থলাভ করতে ঠাকুর পরিবারের জমিদার হিসেবে দুর্নামের কালো দিক আড়াল করে রাখলেও প্রকৃত ইতিহাসের পাতা থেকে তা মোছা যাবে না। "ঠাকুর পরিবারের এই মহর্ষি জমিদারদের প্রতি কটাক্ষ করে হরিনাথ লিখেছেন, "ধর্মমন্দিরে ধর্মালোচনা আর বাহিরে আসিয়া মনুষ্যশরীরে পাদুকাপ্রহার, একথা আর গোপন করিতে পারি না।" (অশোক চট্টোপাধ্যায়: প্রাক বৃটিশ ভারতীয় সমাজ, পৃষ্ঠা ১২৭, ১৯৮৮)
৮) সিরাজগঞ্জে প্রজা নির্যাতনের দলিলও ইতিহাসে পাওয়া যায়। "এর প্রেক্ষিতে সিরাজগঞ্জের ডেপুটি ম্যাজিস্ট্রেটের বদলির আদেশ হয়েছিল এবং যে যে জমিদার উপরের আবরণের গুণে তপস্বী বলিয়া গভর্নমেন্টে পরিচিত ছিলেন, তাহারা যে বিড়াল তপস্বী তা প্রমাণিত হয়েছিল। এসবের ফলশ্রুতিতে হরিনাথকে ঐ জমিদারের বিষনজনে পড়তে হয়েছিল।" (অশোক চট্টোপাধ্যায়, ঐ, পৃ ১২৮)
আজকে সেই প্রজানিপীড়ক জমিদার রবীন্দ্রনাথকে বানানো হয়েছে প্রজাপ্রেমী জমিদার। ইতিহাসকে যে কতোটা বিকৃত করা হয়েছে..............
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